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How to test a sump pump

Make sure the pump is plugged in and the outside discharge pipe is clear. Then pour water into the pit until the float turns the pump on, and watch it turn on and off at least twice. If the pit is dry, lift the float for about 10 seconds instead. Do it before the snowmelt and spring rains.

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How to test a sump pump

Checklist

  • Check the discharge pipe outside: not plugged, and draining away from the houseBefore the spring thaw
  • Make sure the pump is plugged inTest day
  • Remove the lid; check the pit with a flashlight for debrisTest day
  • Pour water in until the pump starts; watch it cycle at least twiceTest day
  • Dry pit? Lift the float for about 10 seconds, then lower it slowlyTest day
  • Listen for grinding and watch for a sluggish floatTest day
  • Test the battery backup pump the same wayTest day

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Why test it in early spring

A sump pump may sit idle for months, then run nonstop during snowmelt. NDSU Extension advises checking it before the snow melts, and having a backup ready if it has been running a lot.

Two ways to test it

Pour water: fill the pit until the float switches the pump on. Try to pour at about the rate water normally comes in. Watch the float and listen to the pump. NDSU says it should turn on and off at least twice.

Lift the float: if the pit is dry, lift the float for about 10 seconds and see if the pump runs smoothly. Then lower it slowly. NDSU says a short dry run won't hurt the pump.

Signs it needs work

A sound like it is pumping gravel, or a float that is slow to move, can mean you need a new pump or float. NDSU names worn or rusted motor bearings and a float switch with poor contact as common causes of failure.

If you are new to sump pumps, have a licensed plumber check it before the thaw. Don't reach into the pit while the pump is plugged in.

Battery backup pumps

A backup pump sits in the same pit and runs on a battery if the main pump fails or the power goes out. Test it the same way, and keep up with its battery; NDSU calls battery maintenance very important.

What you'll need

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Questions

How do I know if my sump pump is working?

Pour water into the pit until the float rises. The pump should start, empty the pit and shut off. Watch it do that at least twice.

Can I test a sump pump without water?

Yes. Lift the float for about 10 seconds. NDSU Extension says a brief dry run won't damage the pump.

How often should I test my sump pump?

At least once a year before the snowmelt and spring rains. Many homeowners also check it before a big storm.

Sources

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General guidance for typical homes. Follow your equipment manufacturer's instructions and local codes, and hire a pro for anything you're not comfortable doing.